Unidentified Verbal Objects
How do words perform?
Keywords:
artistic research, phenomenology, actor, philosophy of language., embodied research, deconstruction, embodimentAbstract
This article considers how artistically performative practices, especially the scenic embodiment of words, problematizes our accustomed understanding of language, both in a philosophical and an everyday sense. In classical phenomenology à la Heidegger or Merleau-Ponty, language is considered a medium of the process of appearing or expression. As I try to sustain, language should instead be understood as the medium of appearing; not as the primary medium, nor as a medium among others, but as an intrinsic aspect of all appearing, no matter what its medium, user, or level of development. This conclusion, if it holds, leads towards an expanded idea of language where being linguistic and being or having a body coincide. The idea is sustained by evidence rising out of consideration of the basic corporeal operations of a scenic performer as they try to embody their textual material performatively. Through this idea, the article seeks a reconciliation to a debate between post-structuralist and post-humanist thought regarding the role and scope of language in knowledge formation.
References
Agamben, Giorgio. (1982) 1991. Language and Death. The Place of Negativity. Translated by Karen E. Pinkus and Michael Hardt. Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press.
Barad, Karen. 2003. “Posthumanist Performativity: Toward an understanding of how matter comes to matter.” Signs, 28 (3): 801–831. https://doi.org/10.1086/345321 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/345321
Bleeker, Maaike, Jon Foley Sherman, and Eirini Nedelkopoulou, eds. 2015. Performance and Phenomenology: Traditions and Transformations. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315752365 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315752365
Bryant, Levi, Graham Harman, and Nick Srnicek, eds. 2011. Speculative Turn: Continental Realism and Materialism. Melbourne: re.press.
Camilleri, Frank. 2020. Performer Training Reconfigured. Post-Psychophysical Perspectives for the Twenty-First Century. London: Methuen.
Cox, Christoph, Jenny Jaskey, and Suhail Malik, eds. 2015. Realism Materialism Art. Annandale-on-Hudson NY: Center for Curatorial Studies, Bard College; Berlin: Sternberg.
Crow, Bryan K. 1988. “Conversational performance and the performance of conversation.” TDR/The Drama Review, 32 (3): 23–54. https://doi.org/10.2307/1145905 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1145905
Cull, Laura. 2013. Theatres of Immanence: Deleuze and the Ethics of Performance. London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137291912 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137291912
Deleuze, Gilles. (1972) 2004. “How do we recognize structuralism?” In Gilles Deleuze, Desert Islands and Other Texts, 1953–1974. Translated by Mike Taormina, 170–192. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Derrida, Jacques. 1967. De la grammatologie. Paris: Minuit.
de Freitas, Elizabeth, and Matthew X. Curinga. 2015. “New materialist approaches to the study of language and identity: Assembling the posthuman subject.” Curriculum Inquiry, 45 (3): 249–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/03626784.2015.1031059 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03626784.2015.1031059
Garcia, Tristan. (2010) 2014. Form and Object: A Treatise on Things. Translated by Mark Allan Ohm and Jon Cogburn. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780748681518 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780748681518
Gil, José. (1985) 1998. Metamorphosis of the Body. Translated by Stephen Muecke. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Goffman, Erwin. 1974. Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
Grant, Stuart, Jodie McNeilly-Renaudie, and Matthew Wagner, eds. 2019. Performance Phenomenology: To the Thing Itself. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98059-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98059-1
Jakobson, Roman. (1956) 1990. “Two aspects of language and two types of disturbances.” In On language, edited by Linda R. Waugh and Monique Monville-Burston, 115–133. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Jakobson, Roman. (1957) 1984: “Shifters, verbal categories, and the Russian verb.” In Roman Jakobson, Russian and Slavic Grammar: Studies 1931–1981, 41–58. Berlin: Mouton Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110822885.41 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110822885.41
Kirkkopelto, Esa. 2016. “Joints and strings: Body and object in performance.” Performance Philosophy 2 (1): 49–59. https://doi.org/10.21476/PP.2016.2170 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21476/PP.2016.2170
Kirkkopelto, Esa. 2021. “Virtual bodies in virtual spaces, a lecture-demonstration.” In Networked Actor Theory, edited by Outi Condit and Simo Kellokumpu. Nivel 14. https://nivel.teak.fi/nat.
Kirkkopelto, Esa. 2022. “A phenomenological actor.” Phenomenology & Practice, 17 (1): 99–114. https://doi.org/10.29173/pandpr29478 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29173/pandpr29478
Kirkkopelto, Esa. 2025. Logomimesis: A Treatise on the Performing Body. London: Routledge DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003449041
Lévi-Strauss, Claude. (1950) 1987. Introduction to the Work of Marcel Mauss. Translated by Felicity Baker. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Lynghold, Shining Star. 2018. “Textualized body, embodied text: Derrida’s linguistic materialism.” Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research, 35: 107–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40961-017-0124-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40961-017-0124-8
MacLure, Maggie. 2013. “Researching without representation? Language and materiality in post-qualitative methodology.” International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 26: 658–667. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2013.788755 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2013.788755
Malabou, Catherine. (2009) 2011. Changing Difference. Translated by Carolyn Shread. Cambridge: Polity.
Meillassoux, Quentin. (2006) 2009. After Finitude: An Essay on the Necessity of Contingency. Translated by Ray Brassier. London and New York: Continuum. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350252059 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350252059
Milde, Andrea. 2019. “Linguistics in drama process.” In Working Papers in Urban Language and Literacies, Paper 251: 1–19.
Phelan, Peggy. 1993: Unmarked: The Politics of Performance. London and New York: Routledge.
Plato. 1979. Republic. Translated by R. Larson. Wheeling, IL: Harlan Davison.
Plato. 2009. Timaeus and Critias. Translated by Robin Waterfield. New York: Oxford University Press.
Ritter, Johan Wilhem. 2010. Key Texts of Johan Wilhelm Ritter on the Science and Art of Nature. Translated by Jocelyn Holland. Leiden: Brill.
Schechner, Richard. 1981. Between Theater and Anthropology. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Spatz, Ben. 2014. “Massimo Balduzzi: Research in physical training for performers.” Theatre, Dance and Performance Training, 5 (3): 270–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443927.2014.930356 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19443927.2014.930356
States, Bert O. 1985. Great Reckonings in Little Rooms. On the Phenomenology of Theater. Berkeley: University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520908604 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520908604
Toohey, Kelleen. 2019. “The onto-epistemologies of new materialism: Implications for applied linguistics pedagogies and research.” Applied Linguistics, 40 (6): 937–959. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amy046 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amy046
Vološinov, Valentin Nikolajevitš. (1929) 1973. Marxism and the Philosophy of Language. Translated by Ladislav Matejka and I.R. Titunik. New York and London: Seminar.
Zlatev, Jordan. 2007. “Intersubjectivity, mimetic schemas and the emergence of language.” Intellectica: Revue de l´Association pour la Recherche Cognitive, 46–47: 123–151. https://doi.org/10.3406/intel.2007.1281 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/intel.2007.1281
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Esa Kirkkopelto

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal, provided it is for non-commercial uses; and that lets others excerpt, translate, and build upon your work non-commercially, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).