Digital Instruments: Extensions or Media?

Authors

Downloads

Keywords:

medium, extension, post-phenomenology, hermeneutic relations, digital musical instruments, digital art instruments, digital art impasse, embodiment, analogue vs. digital

Abstract

I argue that, from the performer’s perspective, there are significant differences between analogue and digital instruments. The unique nature of the relationship with digital instruments transforms the performer’s practice in ways that aesthetic discourse has yet to fully address. From a post-phenomenological perspective, I will demonstrate how this relationship differs from that with analogue instruments, prioritizing reading over bodily sensations. In contrast to post-phenomenological accounts, however, I will also argue that the concept of digital instruments as extensions of the human body remains ambiguous and is even further removed from traditional notions of skill and virtuosity. Although this analysis focuses on musical instruments, I emphasize that the argument applies to all artistic practices that engage with digital tools. In this respect, the article will be of interest to theorists of digital media, digital art practitioners, historians, and philosophers of technology.

Author Biography

Giuseppe Torre

Giuseppe Torre’s work investigates the ethical and aesthetic dimensions of digital technologies. Using generative systems and live coding, he transforms algorithmic environments into spaces for critical reflection. Drawing on phenomenology and media theory, his practice embraces Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) as both a creative method and an ethical commitment, promoting transparency and collaboration.

As a performer, Torre has exhibited and performed internationally. His 2024 EP, Incidental Effects, reflects his focus on minimalism and real-time computation. His scholarly work, published by several presses, includes An Ethico-Phenomenology of Digital Art Practices (Routledge 2021), where he explores the ethical potentials and phenomenological limits of digital creativity.

Torre currently serves as an Associate Professor at the University of Limerick, Ireland.

References

Adorno, Theodor W. (1970) 2020. Aesthetic Theory. University of Minnesota Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5749/j.ctv125jvbt

Adorno, Theodor W. (1977) 1986. Aesthetics and Politics. Verso.

Beghin, Yannick. 2024. ‘Declassifying the Classics: Rhetoric, Technology, and Performance, 1750–1850.’ Accessed 1 September 2024. https://orpheusinstituut.be/en/projects/declassifying-the-classics.

Bogost, Ian. 2012. Alien Phenomenology, or, What It’s Like to Be a Thing. University of Minnesota Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9780816678976.001.0001

Deleuze, Gilles, and Félix Guattari. (1980) 1987. A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Translated by Brian Massumi. University of Minnesota Press.

delle Zattere, Olivia. 2014. ‘Orlan vs Nature.’ Accessed 1 September 2024. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cgYvHNSNQM.

Dixon, Steve. 2015. Digital Performance: A History of New Media in Theater, Dance, Performance Art, and Installation. MIT Press.

Eno, Brian. (1979) 2004. ‘The Studio as Compositional Tool.’ In Audio Culture: Readings in Modern Music, edited by Christoph Cox and Daniel Warner, 127–130. Continuum.

Fazi, M. Beatrice. 2018. Contingent Computation: Abstraction, Experience, and Indeterminacy in Computational Aesthetics. Rowman & Littlefield. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881812027

Fazi, M. Beatrice. 2019. ‘Digital Aesthetics: The Discrete and the Continuous.’ Theory, Culture & Society 36 (1): 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276418770243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276418770243

Feenberg, Andrew. 1999. Questioning Technology. Routledge.

Galloway, Alexander R. 2021. Uncomputable: Play and Politics in the Long Digital Age. Verso.

Galloway, Alexander R. 2022. ‘Golden Age of Analog.’ Critical Inquiry 48 (2): 211–232. https://doi.org/10.1086/717324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/717324

Girardi, Lorenzo. 2017. Phenomenological Metaphysics as a Speculative Realism. Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology 48 (4): 336–349. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071773.2017.1362778. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00071773.2017.1362778

Glennie, Evelyn. 1993. ‘Hearing Essay.’ Accessed 28 May 2025. https://www.evelyn.co.uk/hearing-essay/.

Glennie, Evelyn. 2003. ‘How to Truly Listen.’ TED Talk, February. https://www.ted.com/talks/evelyn_glennie_how_to_truly_listen.

Goodman, Nelson. (1968) 1978. Languages of Art: An Approach to a Theory of Symbols, 2nd ed. Hackett.

Gupta, Rohan. 2009. The Greg & Grainger Project. Accessed 1 September 2024. http://www.griegpianoconcerto.com/grainger/biog.cfm.

Heidegger, Martin. (1954) 1996. “The Question Concerning Technology.” Translated by William Lovitt. In The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays, 3–35. Harper & Row.

Ihde, Don. (1976) 2007a. Listening and Voice: Phenomenologies of Sound. 2nd ed. State University of New York Press. Originally published 1976. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/book5250

Ihde, Don. 2007b. "Technologies—Musics—Embodiments." Janus Head 10 (1): 7–24. https://doi.org/10.5840/jh20071012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/jh20071012

Ihde, Don. 2009. Postphenomenology and Technoscience: The Peking University Lectures. SUNY Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781438425160

Latour, Bruno. (1991) 1993. We Have Never Been Modern. Translated by Catherine Porter. Harvard University Press.

Lewis, David. 1971. ‘Analog and Digital.’ Noûs 5 (3): 321–327. https://doi.org/10.2307/2214671. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2214671

MacKay, Robin. 2018. Speculative Aesthetics. MIT Press.

Malafouris, Lambros. 2013. How Things Shape the Mind: A Theory of Material Engagement. MIT Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9476.001.0001

Maley, Corey J. 2011. ‘Analog and Digital, Continuous and Discrete.’ Philosophical Studies 155 (1): 117–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-010-9562-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-010-9562-8

Manovich, Lev. 2001. The Language of New Media. MIT Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2002v27n1a1280

Marcuse, Herbert. 1964. One-Dimensional Man: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society. Routledge.

Massumi, Brian. 2022. Parables for the Virtual: Movement, Affect, Sensation. Duke University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478021971

McLuhan, Marshall. (1964) 1994. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. MIT Press.

McPherson, Andrew, Robert Jack, and Giulio Moro. 2016. ‘Action-Sound Latency: Are Our Tools Fast Enough?’ Proceedings of the International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression, 20–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3964611.

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. (1945) 2012. Phenomenology of Perception. Translated by Donald A. Landes. Routledge.

Paul, Christiane. (2003) 2015. Digital Art. 3rd ed. Thames & Hudson.

Reblitz, Arthur A. 1985. Player Piano Servicing & Rebuilding: A Treatise on How Player Pianos Function, and How to Get Them Back into Top Playing Condition If They Don’t Work. Vestal Press.

Torre, Giuseppe. 2020. An Ethico-Phenomenology of Digital Art Practices. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367808112

Torre, Giuseppe, and Pellizzer, Fabio Tommy. In-press. ‘Selfhood and Artistic Individuality in “Bits” — What Gets Lost in the Translation from Analogue to Digital.’ In Finding our Place in the Digital World: Essays in Technology, Phenomenology, and the Environment, edited by Ian Werkheiser and Michael Butler. Springer.

van den Berg, Jan Hendrik. (1955) 1987. ‘The Human Body and the Significance of Human Movement.’ In Phenomenological Psychology: The Dutch School, edited by Joseph J. Kockelmans, 55–77. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3589-1_4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3589-1_4

Wardrip-Fruin, Noah, and Nick Montfort, eds. 2003. The New Media Reader. MIT Press.

Zahavi, Dan. 2016. ‘The End of What? Phenomenology vs. Speculative Realism.’ International Journal of Philosophical Studies 24 (3): 289–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/09672559.2016.1175101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09672559.2016.1175101

Zappa, Frank. 1986. Jazz from Hell. Barking Pumpkin (US)/EMI Records (UK).

Published

30-12-2025

Issue

Section

Articles